How does the lithosphere affect coral bleaching?

The lithosphere, which includes the Earth's crust and upper mantle, influences coral bleaching primarily through geological processes that affect water quality and temperature. For instance, increased runoff from land due to erosion or sedimentation can introduce pollutants and sediments into coastal waters, stressing coral ecosystems. Additionally, tectonic activity can lead to changes in sea levels and ocean currents, impacting the thermal conditions of coral habitats. When corals are subjected to elevated temperatures, they expel the symbiotic algae living in their tissues, leading to bleaching and, ultimately, death if conditions do not improve.