What is the loose weathered material on earth's surface in which plants can grow?

The loose weathered material on Earth's surface in which plants can grow is called soil. Soil is composed of minerals, organic matter, water, and air, providing essential nutrients and support for plant life. It forms through the weathering of rocks and the decomposition of organic materials over time. Healthy soil is crucial for agriculture and ecosystems, serving as a foundation for various terrestrial habitats.