What are the software applications and hardware needed to run a ring topology?

To run a ring topology, you'll need network hardware such as switches or routers that can handle token passing or data transmission in a circular manner. Each device in the ring must have network interface cards (NICs) capable of connecting to the ring system. Software applications may include network management tools for monitoring and configuring the topology, as well as protocols like Token Ring or other ring-specific data link layer protocols to facilitate communication. Additionally, network operating systems that support these protocols are essential for proper operation.