Aerosols, clouds, land, and oceans collectively reflect approximately 30% of incoming solar radiation, known as insolation, back into space. This reflection occurs through various processes, such as scattering and absorption. Clouds and aerosols play significant roles in this reflection, while surfaces like oceans and land also contribute, albeit to a lesser extent. The remaining 70% of insolation is absorbed by the Earth's surface and atmosphere, driving climate and weather patterns.
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