What did Italian painters working in tempera paint most often mixed powdered pigments with water a touch of glue and?

Italian painters working in tempera often mixed powdered pigments with water, a touch of glue, and egg yolk. The egg yolk acted as a binder, providing a rich texture and allowing the paint to adhere well to surfaces. This technique resulted in vibrant colors and a matte finish, characteristic of tempera paintings. The use of these materials allowed for precise detailing and fine brushwork, making it a favored medium during the Renaissance.