What are the causes of barrenness?

Barrenness, or infertility, can result from a variety of factors affecting either partner. In women, common causes include hormonal imbalances, ovulation disorders, age, structural issues in the reproductive system, and conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In men, infertility may stem from low sperm production, hormonal imbalances, or blockages in the reproductive tract. Lifestyle factors such as obesity, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and certain medical conditions can also contribute to fertility issues in both genders.