What is the difference between a lolicon and a pedophile?

Lolicon (a reference to Vladimir Nabokov's book Lolitawhere a grown man is sexually attracted to a 12 year old )is a Japanese term relating to people who are sexually attracted to young girls. It can also refer to Japanese manga or anime which features young looking girls in erotic situations.

Pedophile is a more general term for someone who is sexually attracted to children. The term isn't specific to age or gender, just children as a whole. Pedophiles usually do, however, prefer one gender over the other and don't deviate from that when choosing a victim.