Espionage is described as (Lesson 1 Foreign Intelligence Entities (FIE) Page 4)?

Espionage refers to the act of obtaining secret or confidential information without the permission of the holder of that information, typically for political or military advantage. It often involves the use of covert operations and intelligence gathering techniques by foreign intelligence entities (FIEs) to acquire sensitive data from individuals, organizations, or governments. This practice poses significant risks to national security and can impact diplomatic relations.