The theory of plate tectonics explains that the Earth's lithosphere is divided into several large and small tectonic plates that float on the semi-fluid asthenosphere beneath. The shapes of North America, South America, and Africa are influenced by the movements of these plates. For instance, the Atlantic Ocean formed as the North American and South American plates drifted away from the African plate, creating a rift. This movement also resulted in the jagged Coastlines and geological features observed today.
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