This process is photosynthesis, the steps in it are light-dependent and independent reactions. See Related Links
If you mean sugar synthesis in the body, it's a long process requiring a lot of explanation. I can say that sugars formed in the body from your carbohydrate diets and from fats and from non carbohydrates as some acids and glycerol and lactate and pyruvate and some amino acids also.
If you mean the industrial process, that would include Planting, Harvesting, Preparation, Processing, Juice Extraction, Juice Purification, Crystallization, Centrifuging, Drying, and Packaging. See Related Links.