Has God indeed said you shall not eat of every tree of the garden. What type of question is this?

Questions that start with has/is/are/have/do are called yes/no questions. They can be answered with a yes or a no. Compared to questions with a question Word eg where how why, which cannot be answered with just a yes or no.

The linguistic term for a yes/no question is a "polar question", this contrasts with the 5-W and How questions which are called "interrogative questions".