Mountains rivers and a climate had a major effects on peoples lives in the subcontinent how did these people in the subcontinent gain from the mountains to the north?

People in the subcontinent benefited from the mountains to the north by providing a natural barrier that protected them from invasions. The mountains also served as a source of freshwater through rivers that flowed down from them, facilitating agriculture and settlement. Additionally, the mountains offered Natural Resources such as minerals and timber, supporting economic activities and trade.