Transport poses a dilemma in that it is necessary for economic and social development,
yet it is associated with environmental degradation, especially with regard to atmospheric
pollution. The transport sector accounts for about 25 per cent of total commercial energy
consumed worldwide, and consumes approximately one-half of total oil produced. Its emissions
include GreenHouse Gases, most notably CO2, as well as particulate matter, lead, nitrogen oxides,
sulfur oxides and volatile organic compounds all of which have negative impacts at local and
often at regional levels. In addition, it is associated with adverse noise and land use impacts
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