In Russia how many people were serfs?

In Russia, at the peak of serfdom in the early 19th century, approximately 23 million people were serfs, which accounted for about 50% of the rural population. Serfdom was a system where peasants were tied to the land and subject to the control of landowners. It was officially abolished in 1861 by Tsar Alexander II, but the legacy of serfdom continued to impact Russian society for years to come.