What factors limited to success of unions?

Several factors limited the success of unions, including opposition from employers who often employed tactics such as intimidation, lockouts, and hiring strikebreakers. Legal restrictions and unfavorable labor laws, particularly in the early 20th century, also hindered union activities. Additionally, divisions within the workforce based on race, gender, and skill levels weakened solidarity among workers, making it challenging to present a united front. Economic fluctuations and public perception of unions as disruptive further complicated their efforts to gain traction.