What 1896 US Supreme Court case made segregation legal and established the?

The 1896 US Supreme Court case Plessy v. Ferguson upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation under the "separate but equal" doctrine. This ruling legitimized state laws that enforced segregation in public facilities, effectively institutionalizing discrimination against African Americans and reinforcing Jim Crow laws across the South. The decision remained in effect until it was overturned by Brown v. Board of Education in 1954.