What would have happened if cars hadn't been invented?

If cars hadn't been invented, urban development would likely have occurred at a slower pace, with cities designed around walking, biking, and public transportation. Travel and trade would have relied more on railroads, boats, and animal-powered transport, potentially leading to less global connectivity. Economic structures may have remained more localized, impacting industries tied to automotive manufacturing and suburban growth. Additionally, environmental impacts could have been less severe without the pollution and resource depletion associated with car culture.