What event dealt a major blow to judaism in Europe?

The Holocaust during World War II dealt a catastrophic blow to Judaism in Europe, resulting in the murder of approximately six million Jews by the Nazis. This genocide not only decimated Jewish communities but also shattered cultural, religious, and social structures that had existed for centuries. The aftermath left deep scars and led to significant demographic changes in Jewish populations across Europe. The Holocaust remains a profound tragedy in Jewish history and collective memory.