Why did the US of America close Alcatraz?

Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary was closed in 1963 primarily due to high operational costs, deteriorating facilities, and the inability to modernize the prison to meet the needs of inmates. By the early 1960s, the prison also faced challenges related to its isolation and the changing philosophy of the U.S. correctional system, which began to favor rehabilitation over punishment. Additionally, advances in prison design and management led to more efficient alternatives on the mainland. Ultimately, Alcatraz was deemed no longer practical or effective as a correctional facility.