What term describes the government of Athens but not Sparta in the fifth century B.C.?

The term that describes the government of Athens in the fifth century B.C. but not Sparta is "democracy." In Athens, democracy allowed citizens to participate directly in decision-making and governance, with an emphasis on equality and participation. In contrast, Sparta was governed by an oligarchic system, with power concentrated in a few elite rulers and a dual kingship. This fundamental difference in political structure is a key characteristic that distinguishes the two city-states.