What was the impact of European conquest on the population and environment of the New World?

The European conquest of the New World led to a dramatic decline in the indigenous population, primarily due to diseases such as smallpox, for which Native Americans had no immunity, as well as violent conflicts and enslavement. This massive demographic shift disrupted traditional societies and cultures. Additionally, the environmental impact was significant, as Europeans introduced new agricultural practices, livestock, and crops, leading to deforestation, soil depletion, and the alteration of ecosystems. The resulting changes laid the groundwork for the extensive exploitation of Natural Resources and the establishment of a colonial economy.