Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins and have a basic structure consisting of an amino group, a carboxyl group, and a side chain. Nucleotides, on the other hand, are the building blocks of nucleic acids like DNA and RNA, and consist of a phosphate group, a sugar molecule, and a nitrogenous base. Amino acids are involved in protein synthesis and various metabolic processes, while nucleotides are involved in storing and transferring genetic information.
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