What is the process by which a neuron moves from a resting state to firing and then back to a resting state?

The process by which a neuron moves from a resting state to firing is called an action potential. When a neuron is stimulated, sodium channels open, allowing sodium ions to flow into the cell, causing depolarization. If the depolarization reaches a certain threshold, an action potential is triggered, leading to the rapid influx of sodium and the subsequent outflow of potassium ions, which repolarizes the neuron. After firing, the neuron returns to its resting state through the reestablishment of ion gradients via the sodium-potassium pump.