Which resources are finite?

Finite resources are those that exist in limited quantities and cannot be replenished within a human time scale. Examples include fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas, as well as minerals such as gold, copper, and rare earth elements. Once these resources are extracted and consumed, they cannot be replaced, making their management and conservation critical for sustainability. Additionally, freshwater in certain regions can also be considered a finite resource due to over-extraction and pollution.