When a high-mass star exhausts its nuclear fuel, it undergoes a series of fusion processes, leading to the formation of heavier elements in its core. Eventually, the core becomes unstable and collapses under gravity, triggering a supernova explosion. This explosion briefly outshines entire galaxies and disperses the star's outer layers, enriching the surrounding interstellar medium with heavy elements. The remnant core can become a neutron star or black hole, depending on its mass.
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