How the digital input is converted to an analog output by the converter?

A digital-to-analog converter (DAC) converts digital input signals, typically represented as binary numbers, into corresponding analog voltage levels. The DAC processes the binary data by assigning a specific voltage level to each binary value, using resistive ladders, capacitors, or other electronic components to translate the digital code into a smooth, continuous analog signal. This output can then be used to drive speakers, displays, or other analog devices, effectively transforming discrete digital information into a form that can be perceived in the real world.