What is the system of overlapping powers among Judaical executive legislative branches to allow each branch to oversee the actions of the others?

The system you are referring to is known as "checks and balances." This principle ensures that each branch of government—executive, legislative, and judicial—has the ability to monitor and limit the actions of the others, preventing any single branch from becoming too powerful. For example, the legislative branch can pass laws, but the executive can veto them, and the judiciary can rule on their constitutionality. This interplay helps maintain a balance of power and upholds the rule of law.