What are the stress involved in the open coiled helical spring subjected to an axial load?

When an open coiled helical spring is subjected to an axial load, it experiences both shear and normal stresses. The primary stress is shear stress, which arises due to the torsional effects of the load on the coil. Additionally, there can be normal stress induced by the axial load, particularly if the spring is compressed or extended. The combined effect of these stresses can affect the spring's performance and durability.