What chemicals make up baking powder and how do they interact to create the leavening effect in baked goods?

Baking powder is made up of three main chemicals: baking soda (sodium bicarbonate), an acid (such as cream of tartar), and a starch (such as cornstarch). When these chemicals are mixed with liquid and heat, a chemical reaction occurs that produces carbon dioxide gas. This gas creates bubbles in the batter or dough, causing it to rise and become light and fluffy. This process is known as leavening, which helps baked goods to rise and become soft and airy.