How did the long-bow and gunpowder change warfare?

The longbow revolutionized warfare by allowing archers to strike from greater distances with rapid fire, enabling armies to disrupt cavalry charges and target enemy formations effectively. Gunpowder further transformed combat by introducing firearms and artillery, which made traditional armor less effective and shifted the focus to fortifications and ranged combat. Together, these innovations diminished the dominance of heavily armored knights and changed military strategies, leading to more mobile and versatile forces. Consequently, they marked the transition from medieval to early modern warfare.