What are the causes of emphyema?

Empyema is primarily caused by infections, particularly pneumonia, which leads to the accumulation of pus in the pleural cavity. Other causes include chest trauma, lung abscesses, or complications from surgical procedures. Conditions like tuberculosis or malignancies can also contribute to the development of empyema. Additionally, infections from bacteria, viruses, or fungi can lead to this condition, especially in individuals with weakened immune systems.