What equipment did doctors use in Medieval times?

The highest level of medical doctors were physicians. In the Late Middle Ages they had to be university graduates. Earlier, they went through apprenticeship, and there was a period of overlap, when the better ones came from universities.

There were surgeons, who performed surgery. They went through an apprenticeship program and were formed into guilds. After the Middle Ages, one of the most important English guilds of surgeons merged with a guild of barbers, creating barber-surgeons.

There were specialists of various types, including dentists and others. They might have included surgeons who never went through apprenticeship, but were trained to dress battle wounds.

Midwives helped with child birth. They were informally apprenticed.

Clergy, especially monastics, tended the medical needs of many poor people.

Healers trained in local and herbal remedies were common almost everywhere.

There were also apothecaries, whose main importance was producing and supplying medicine. They applied some skill as healers, and were the primary care providers in many places.

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