What conflicts existed before European colonialism?

Before European colonialism, various conflicts existed among indigenous populations due to competition for resources, territorial disputes, and cultural differences. For example, rival tribes often fought over hunting grounds, agricultural land, or trade routes. Additionally, political rivalries and alliances could lead to warfare, as seen in the complex dynamics of the Aztec and Inca empires. These conflicts were shaped by local contexts and power structures, differing significantly across regions.