What causes ghost eyes in photos?

Ghost eyes in photos are typically caused by reflections from the camera's flash off the surface of the eyes, particularly when the subject is looking directly at the camera. This effect can occur when the flash is too close to the lens, causing the light to bounce off the retina and create a bright reflection. Additionally, low light conditions can exacerbate this issue, as the pupils dilate and increase the chances of capturing the reflection. To minimize ghost eyes, photographers can use softer lighting or adjust the flash position.