What happens when a population is in Henry-Weinberg equilibrium?

When a population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, it means that the allele and genotype frequencies remain constant from generation to generation, assuming no evolutionary forces are acting on the population. This condition is met under specific criteria: no mutations, random mating, no natural selection, extremely large population size (to avoid genetic drift), and no migration. If these assumptions hold true, the population's genetic structure will stabilize over time, allowing scientists to predict genotype frequencies based on allele frequencies. Deviations from this equilibrium suggest that evolutionary processes are at work.