What are the two methods of sensing incoming engine airflow?

The two primary methods of sensing incoming engine airflow are the mass airflow sensor (MAF) and the manifold absolute pressure (MAP) sensor. The MAF sensor measures the mass of air entering the engine, providing data for fuel injection and ignition timing. In contrast, the MAP sensor measures the pressure within the intake manifold, which can be used to calculate airflow indirectly based on engine load and RPM. Both sensors play crucial roles in optimizing engine performance and efficiency.