What does carrying and borrowing mean?

Carrying and borrowing are terms used in arithmetic, particularly in addition and subtraction. Carrying occurs when the sum of a column exceeds ten, prompting the addition of a "1" to the next column on the left. Borrowing happens in subtraction when the top digit is smaller than the bottom digit, requiring a "borrow" from the next left column to make the subtraction possible. Both techniques help manage calculations involving larger numbers.