How does a economist compare the standard of living in two different countries?

Economists compare the standard of living in two different countries primarily through metrics such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, which adjusts for population size, and Purchasing Power Parity (PPP), which accounts for cost of living differences. They also consider indicators like income distribution, access to healthcare, education, and quality of life measures. By analyzing these factors, economists can assess not just the economic output but also the overall well-being of the populations in each country. This comprehensive approach allows for a more accurate and nuanced comparison.