Can you use a rotor designed for use with ceramic disk brake pads with a resin brake pad?

Yes, you can use any of the main types of brake pads with a cast iron rotors. The three types of brake pads are:

Generalization:

1) Semi-Metallic (greater than 35% steel/iron content)

2) Euro-Metallic (1-35 % steel/iron content)

3) NAO "Non-Asbestos Organic" or also called ceramic (O% steel/iron) (hold a magnet to it and if is barely attracts....this is the type you have).

As for your name "a resin brake pad".....all brake pads contain Phenolic Resin (a thermosetting polymer) to hold them together. As for the name ceramic...it is more of a marketing term, but it is generally used regarding NAO type pads. The main difference between the three types is cost, performance, creature comforts. Semi-Metallic is the cheapest, Euro-Metallics stop your car the fastest, and NAO's have the most create comforts. Keep in mind this just a generalization, some aftermarket pads are just junk! Pay a little extra at the auto store to get a better material.

Best of Luck

P.S. I design them, so hopefully that gives you some confidence in the answer above.