Does a Cuban reisdent of US need a passport in a cruise ship to Bahamas?

You don't need a passport to go, however, if anything happens to your ship (even small damages) and they want to transfer you to another ship to get back into the US, you won't be able to do so without a passport, and you would be stuck wherever on your own dime. The cruise company wouldn't pay to get you home if you didn't have a passport, and you'd need to pay for your arrangements there, not to mention however long it takes to get back. Get the passport, better safe than sorry.