What are the instruments used in physical examination and their uses?

In a physical examination, common instruments include the stethoscope for listening to heart and lung sounds, the sphygmomanometer for measuring blood pressure, and the otoscope for examining the ears. A reflex hammer is used to assess neurological responses, while a tuning fork evaluates hearing and vibratory sensation. Additionally, a thermometer measures body temperature, and a penlight can illuminate areas for better visualization during inspection.