What are pupas made out of?

the butterfly sheds once more and it hangs from it's silk that's is it's cocoon.

answer 2 The caterpillar that grows from a butterflies egg, enters the pupa stage, by spinning a silken cocoon which will protect it during its metamorphosis from caterpillar to butterfly.

Most of the caterpillar seems to dissolve into a organic sludge, and due to the miracle of life and DNA, this re-assembles itself into the butterfly!

Which eventually emerges from the cocoon, and spends a few minutes pumping up its wings to become more rigid, and flies off.