Explain the distinction Montesquieu makes between democracy and liberty (or equality).?

Montesquieu distinguishes between democracy and liberty by emphasizing that democracy is a form of government where the will of the majority prevails, while liberty refers to the personal freedoms and rights of individuals. In his view, a democratic system can exist without true liberty if the majority's power infringes on the rights of minorities. He argues that true equality and liberty require a balance of power and safeguards against tyranny, ensuring that individual freedoms are protected regardless of the majority's preferences. Thus, democracy is about collective governance, whereas liberty pertains to personal autonomy and rights.