How did karana measure the passing of time in the Island of the Blue Dolphins?

Karana measured time on the Island of the Blue Dolphins by observing the changing seasons, tracking the phases of the moon, and keeping track of significant events like the arrival of the Aleut ship. She also used natural elements like shadows and the position of the sun to estimate time. Basically, she was a real-life MacGyver when it came to telling time without a fancy watch.