What significant events took place in Europe following the death of Charlemagne?

After Charlemagne's death in 814, his empire faced fragmentation as his grandsons fought for control, leading to the Treaty of Verdun in 843, which divided the empire into three kingdoms. This division weakened central authority and contributed to the rise of local powers and feudalism. Additionally, the Viking, Magyar, and Saracen invasions intensified during this period, further destabilizing regions in Europe. These events set the stage for the later development of modern European states and the feudal system.