Which ecosystem do not have a symbiotic relationship?

While most ecosystems feature various symbiotic relationships among organisms, some environments, like certain extreme conditions found in deep-sea hydrothermal vents or polar ice caps, may have limited or minimal symbiOSis. In these ecosystems, life is often adapted to harsh conditions, leading to more competitive interactions rather than cooperative ones. Additionally, certain artificial ecosystems, like agricultural monocultures, may also lack significant symbiotic relationships due to the dominance of a single species. However, it's essential to recognize that symbiOSis can often emerge even in seemingly inhospitable environments.