What are the applications of theodolites?

Theodolites are precision instruments used primarily in surveying and engineering to measure horizontal and vertical angles. They are essential for tasks such as land surveying, construction layout, and mapping, ensuring accurate positioning and alignment. Additionally, theodolites are used in various applications, including monitoring structural deformation, conducting geodetic measurements, and in some cases, for astronomical observations. Their versatility makes them crucial tools in both civil engineering projects and scientific research.