Inoculation, the practice of introducing a pathogen into a healthy individual to stimulate immunity, was notably developed by Chinese practitioners in the 10th century. However, it gained wider recognition in the West through the work of Lady Mary Wortley Montagu in the early 18th century, who introduced the practice to England after observing it in the Ottoman Empire. Edward Jenner later advanced the concept with his development of the smallpox vaccine in 1796, laying the foundation for modern vaccination.
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