The fall of Rome can be attributed to several factors, including political instability due to weak leadership and corruption, economic troubles stemming from heavy taxation and reliance on slave labor, and military challenges from external invasions by barbarian tribes like the Visigoths and Vandals. Additionally, overexpansion stretched resources thin, while social decay and a decline in civic pride weakened the Roman identity. The rise of the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantium) also shifted power dynamics, contributing to the West's decline. Lastly, the spread of Christianity altered traditional Roman values and institutions, further complicating governance and cohesion.
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