Enzymes are crucial contributors to protein digestion. Protein-digestingproteinases or proteases. Protein generally takes the form of very complex molecules arranged in chains of amino acids. So the bonds binding these complex molecules together must first be broken down.
enzymes are referred to as
This digestive process begins in the stomach, where hydrochloric acid, secreted in the stomach's gastric acid, attacks the protein molecules separating them and breaking them down into amino acids. Then the gastric enzyme pepsin - the only protease able to digest collagen starts to digest the amino acids.
Digestion of proteins continues in the first segment of the small intestine. As in fat digestion, the pancreas helps the process by secreting the pancreatic protease enzymes trypsin and chymotrypsin. Like pepsin, trypsin breaks down a protein into single amino acid molecules, through a process called hydrolysis. During hydrolysis, a water molecule is inserted between the two amino acids which are bonded together. This breaks the bond between them.
After breakdown, the amino acids are small enough to pass through capillaries in the villi. Once in the bloodstream, the amino acids are distributed by both red blood cells and by the liquid blood plasma to tissues throughout the body where they are used in the creation and repair of cell structures. Such is the demand for protein, the body maintains a constant balance of amino acids in the blood.
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